That driver requires a custom step_pulse_duration. The data sheet indicates a maximum pulse rate of 13khz.
[stepper_x]
step_pulse_duration:
# The minimum time between the step pulse signal edge and the
# following "unstep" signal edge. This is also used to set the
# minimum time between a step pulse and a direction change signal.
# The default is 0.000000100 (100ns) for TMC steppers that are
# configured in UART or SPI mode, and the default is 0.000002 (which
# is 2us) for all other steppers.