How do you know your USB cable supports data? I had a similar issue in the past with an SKR Pico, and the culprit ended up being the fact that my “data” cable wasn’t actually a data cable.
The SKR Pico uses USB-C, so it was easy for me to plug my phone into my computer through various USB-C cables to make sure the cable supported data. The SKR Mini uses micro-USB, so it might be harder to find a device to test on.