OK, I checked.
This is the relevant USB output when first starting up:
[ 17.978324] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 2 using ehci-platform
[ 18.138030] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=1a40, idProduct=0101, bcdDevice= 1.00
[ 18.138071] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=0, Product=1, SerialNumber=0
[ 18.138093] usb 1-1: Product: USB2.0 HUB
[ 18.144520] hub 1-1:1.0: USB hub found
[ 18.144891] hub 1-1:1.0: 4 ports detected
[ 18.538311] usb 1-1.1: new high-speed USB device number 3 using ehci-platform
[ 18.747400] usb 1-1.1: New USB device found, idVendor=0bda, idProduct=c811, bcdDevice= 2.00
[ 18.747436] usb 1-1.1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[ 18.747448] usb 1-1.1: Product: 802.11ac NIC
[ 18.747457] usb 1-1.1: Manufacturer: Realtek
[ 18.747466] usb 1-1.1: SerialNumber: 123456
[ 18.926316] usb 1-1.2: new full-speed USB device number 4 using ehci-platform
[ 19.139639] usb 1-1.2: New USB device found, idVendor=1d50, idProduct=614e, bcdDevice= 1.00
[ 19.139675] usb 1-1.2: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[ 19.139688] usb 1-1.2: Product: stm32f072xb
[ 19.139696] usb 1-1.2: Manufacturer: Klipper
[ 19.139705] usb 1-1.2: SerialNumber: 350050000857345735333120
[ 19.318380] usb 1-1.3: new full-speed USB device number 5 using ehci-platform
[ 19.363702] cdc_acm 1-1.2:1.0: ttyACM0: USB ACM device
[ 19.363939] usbcore: registered new interface driver cdc_acm
[ 19.363953] cdc_acm: USB Abstract Control Model driver for USB modems and ISDN adapters
[ 19.552708] cfg80211: Loading compiled-in X.509 certificates for regulatory database
[ 19.556652] usb 1-1.3: New USB device found, idVendor=1d50, idProduct=614e, bcdDevice= 1.00
[ 19.556690] usb 1-1.3: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[ 19.556702] usb 1-1.3: Product: lpc1768
[ 19.556712] usb 1-1.3: Manufacturer: Klipper
[ 19.556720] usb 1-1.3: SerialNumber: 0360010AA498C895BFBB3461C32000F5
[ 19.568909] cfg80211: Loaded X.509 cert 'sforshee: 00b28ddf47aef9cea7'
[ 19.602137] cdc_acm 1-1.3:1.0: ttyACM1: USB ACM device
[ 19.783880] usb 1-1.4: new full-speed USB device number 6 using ehci-platform
[ 19.993244] usb 1-1.4: New USB device found, idVendor=1d50, idProduct=614e, bcdDevice= 1.00
[ 19.993284] usb 1-1.4: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[ 19.993297] usb 1-1.4: Product: stm32f407xx
[ 19.993305] usb 1-1.4: Manufacturer: Klipper
[ 19.993314] usb 1-1.4: SerialNumber: 360019000650313154393520
[ 20.033473] cdc_acm 1-1.4:1.0: ttyACM2: USB ACM device
[ 20.800801] usbcore: registered new interface driver rtl8821cu
[ 20.858686] rtl8821cu 1-1.1:1.0 wlx347de446119e: renamed from wlan0
[ 21.160116] dwmac-sun8i 1c30000.ethernet eth0: PHY [0.1:01] driver [Generic PHY] (irq=POLL)
[ 21.165994] dwmac-sun8i 1c30000.ethernet eth0: Register MEM_TYPE_PAGE_POOL RxQ-0
[ 21.168310] dwmac-sun8i 1c30000.ethernet eth0: No Safety Features support found
[ 21.168359] dwmac-sun8i 1c30000.ethernet eth0: No MAC Management Counters available
[ 21.168387] dwmac-sun8i 1c30000.ethernet eth0: PTP not supported by HW
[ 21.206721] dwmac-sun8i 1c30000.ethernet eth0: configuring for phy/mii link mode
[ 22.494676] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): wlx347de446119e: link becomes ready
[ 29.360749] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): wlx347de446119e: link becomes ready
[ 33.782891] vcc3v0: disabling
[ 33.782926] vcc5v0: disabling
and after two restarts (first one worked flawlessly), second one was a problem, I get this:
[ 197.200988] usb 1-1.2: USB disconnect, device number 4
[ 197.527114] usb 1-1.2: new full-speed USB device number 7 using ehci-platform
[ 197.744727] usb 1-1.2: New USB device found, idVendor=1d50, idProduct=614e, bcdDevice= 1.00
[ 197.744760] usb 1-1.2: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[ 197.744772] usb 1-1.2: Product: stm32f072xb
[ 197.744781] usb 1-1.2: Manufacturer: Klipper
[ 197.744789] usb 1-1.2: SerialNumber: 350050000857345735333120
[ 197.747550] cdc_acm 1-1.2:1.0: ttyACM0: USB ACM device
[ 197.748733] usb 1-1.3: USB disconnect, device number 5
[ 198.079187] usb 1-1.3: new full-speed USB device number 8 using ehci-platform
[ 209.099681] usb 1-1.3: device not accepting address 8, error -110
[ 209.283647] usb 1-1.3: new full-speed USB device number 9 using ehci-platform
[ 224.944361] usb 1-1.3: device descriptor read/64, error -110
[ 240.561138] usb 1-1.3: device descriptor read/64, error -110
[ 240.673275] usb 1-1-port3: attempt power cycle
[ 241.377121] usb 1-1.3: new full-speed USB device number 10 using ehci-platform
[ 252.109630] usb 1-1.3: device not accepting address 10, error -110
[ 252.293633] usb 1-1.3: new full-speed USB device number 11 using ehci-platform
[ 263.118094] usb 1-1.3: device not accepting address 11, error -110
[ 263.124911] usb 1-1-port3: unable to enumerate USB device
[ 263.131519] usb 1-1.4: USB disconnect, device number 6
[ 263.474071] usb 1-1.4: new full-speed USB device number 12 using ehci-platform
[ 278.966798] usb 1-1.4: device descriptor read/64, error -110
[ 294.579522] usb 1-1.4: device descriptor read/64, error -110
[ 294.871556] usb 1-1.4: new full-speed USB device number 13 using ehci-platform
[ 310.452232] usb 1-1.4: device descriptor read/64, error -110
[ 326.068953] usb 1-1.4: device descriptor read/64, error -110
[ 326.181147] usb 1-1-port4: attempt power cycle
[ 326.888979] usb 1-1.4: new full-speed USB device number 14 using ehci-platform
[ 337.617462] usb 1-1.4: device not accepting address 14, error -110
[ 337.801471] usb 1-1.4: new full-speed USB device number 15 using ehci-platform
[ 348.625955] usb 1-1.4: device not accepting address 15, error -110
[ 348.632386] usb 1-1-port4: unable to enumerate USB device
From what I understand (Im from a hardware side of things, so my Linux knowledge is limited) somehow two of the 3 Klipper devices get (for whatever reason) a new address enumerated (STM32F072 stays at adress 4)
but I have absolutely no idea how that could be caused, or in what circumstances devices get new adresses or when old adresses get reused.