It is possible that it will crash into the end of the axis.
Klipper is not a safety system. It is not safety certified, and should not be used in any situations where risk of injury exists or where potential damage is not acceptable to the user.
If you have a high feed rate, that might be significant inertia. Stopping such movement cannot occur immediately. Klipper will stop commanding movement, but this may not be enough to stop the existing axis movement.
It would be suggested that you configure your Klipper limits to be some distance within the physical constraints of your axis movement to further reduce the likelihood of a physical collision.