How did you determine
[mcu]
serial = /dev/serial/by-id/usb-Klipper_stm32g0b0xx_500046001450415833323520-if00
The klippy.log is basically very clear (Split into two lines for better readability):
mcu 'mcu': Unable to open serial port: [Errno 2] could not open port /dev/serial/by-id/usb-Klipper_stm32g0b0xx_500046001450415833323520-if00:
[Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/dev/serial/by-id/usb-Klipper_stm32g0b0xx_500046001450415833323520-if00'
No such file or directory means exactly this: This path does not exists and so Klipper cannot connect to it.
Follow the setup procedure, e.g. Installing Klipper with KIAUH and determine the correct path. If nothing turns up, then probably the board is not correctly flashed. Issues flashing the printer board gives some more hints in such a case.